The teenage brain is still developing until around age 25, particularly the prefrontal cortex which handles decision-making, impulse control, and judgment. Nicotine exposure during this critical period can have several significant effects:
Brain development impacts: Nicotine can disrupt the formation of brain circuits that control attention, learning, and mood. Studies show that teens who vape nicotine may experience lasting cognitive impairments, including problems with concentration and memory. The developing brain is also more vulnerable to addiction—teens can become dependent on nicotine more quickly and intensely than adults.
Respiratory health: While often marketed as safer than cigarettes, vaping still harms the lungs. The aerosol contains harmful chemicals like formaldehyde, acrolein, and heavy metals. Teens who vape report increased rates of wheezing, shortness of breath, and chronic bronchitis symptoms. There’s also the risk of EVALI (e-liquid or vaping product use-associated lung injury), which has caused serious illness and deaths.
Gateway concerns: Research suggests that teens who vape are significantly more likely to later smoke traditional cigarettes, potentially leading to a lifetime of tobacco use.
Other physical effects: Vaping can increase heart rate and blood pressure, and nicotine affects the cardiovascular system. Some teens also experience nausea, dizziness, and headaches.
Social and behavioral factors: The ease of concealing vape devices and appealing flavors has contributed to widespread use among teens, often without full awareness of the risks involved.